The chemical solution used in a peel can be composed of various acids, such as alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), beta hydroxy acids (BHAs), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), or phenol. The choice of the chemical solution depends on the specific skin issues being targeted and the desired depth of the peel.
There are three main types of chemical peels:
Superficial Peel (Light Peel): This type of peel removes only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It is used to improve the appearance of mild skin discoloration, rough skin, and fine wrinkles. Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs), such as glycolic acid, are often used for superficial peels.
Medium Peel: This type of peel targets both the outer layer (epidermis) and a portion of the middle layer (dermis) of the skin. It is used to address more pronounced wrinkles, fine lines, and uneven skin tone. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is commonly used for medium peels.
Deep Peel: This type of peel penetrates into the deeper layers of the skin. It is typically used to address severe skin issues such as deep wrinkles, scars, and precancerous growths. Phenol is a common ingredient in deep peels. Deep peels require more downtime and carry a higher risk of complications compared to superficial or medium peels.